CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 A. The Place of Second Language in the World Today 1 B. Why Study Second Language Acquisition 3 C. The Development of the Study Field of Second Language Acquisition 6 D. The Scope of Second Language Acquisition Research 7
CHAPTER 2 LANGUAGE: FROM INTELLIGENCE OR INNATE IDEAS 11 A. The Quest For the Perfect Circle 11 B. Empirici st and Rationalist Answers 13 C. Chomsky’s Universal Grammar 16 D. Arguments are Intelligence and Universal Grammar 18 E. Mentalism and Behaviorism Contrasted 33
CHAPTER 3 LANGUAGE, THOUGHT AND CULTURE 37 A. Speech as the Basis of Thought 37 B. Arguments Against This Idea 38 C. Language as the Basis of Thought 41 D. Arguments Against This Idea 44 E. Where Language Does Affect Thought 48 F. Thought as the Basis of Language 49
CHAPTER 4 LANGUAGE AND THE BRAIN 51 A. Brain Structure and Function 51 B. Hemispheric Dominance and Lateralization 53 C. Language Areas and Functioning 58 D. Brain Maturation and Critical Age for Learning Language 60 E. Language Disorders 62 F. Methods of Investigating Brain and Language 71 G. Mind and Brain 75
CHAPTER 5 CULTURE AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING 77 A. Culture 77 B. Culture and Foreign Language Teaching 78
CHAPTER 6 MAJOR ISSUES IN SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOM RESEARCH 85 A. Reviewing Research in SLA 85 B. The Value of Second Language Instruction 87 C. The Context of Second Language Instruction 89 D. Learning from Instruction 90 E. Teacher Talk 94 F. Interaction in the Classroom 95 G. Methodological Problems 97 H. Overview of the Book 98 I. The Interaction Analysis Approach 101 J. The Discourse Analysis Approach 113
CHAPTER 7 TEACHER TALK IN SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS 121 A. Amount and Types of Teacher Talk 121 B. Functional Distribution of Teacher Talk 125 C. Modifications in Teacher Speech 129 D. Modiftcation of Speech Rate, Prosody, Phonology 138
CHAPTER 8 LEARNER BEHAVIOR IN SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS 165 A. Language Production 165 B. Learner Production and Situational Factors 173 C. Input Generation 175 D. Interaction Between Learners 184 E. Learner Strategies
